Thursday, October 11, 2018

Analogy - Reasoning


Analogy Definition
Let us first try to define analogy: the word  'Analogy' means 'correspondence’. In analogy questions, a specific relationship is given & another similar relationship has to be identified from the given options.

1. Flow : River :: Stagnant : ?
A.Rain
B.Stream
C.Pool
D.Canal
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
2. As Water of a River flows similarly water of Pool is Stagnant.
Paw : Cat :: Hoof : ?
A.Lamb
B.Elephant
C.Lion
D.Horse
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
As cat has Paw similarly Horse has Hoof
3. Ornithologist : Bird :: Archealogist : ?
A.Islands
B.Mediators
C.Archealogy
D.Aquatic
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
As Ornithologist is a specialist of Birds similarly Archealogist is a specialist of Archealogy.
4.Choose analogous pair: Agenda : Meeting
A. Programme : Function          B. Performance : Ticket                        C. Map : Scale                      D. Footnote : Article
Ans:Option A
5. Choose analogous pair: Embroider : Cloth
A. Patch : Quilt                       B. Stain : Glass                     C. Carve : Knife                          D. Chase : Metal
Answer: Option D
6. Apple, Grape, Orange
A.        Vegetable           B.     Fruits            C.           Stems                 D.     Oats
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Apple, Grape and Orange all these are fruits.
7. Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal, Jaipur
A.        Shimla                B.     Mysore                   C. Pune                   D.     Indore
Answer: Option A
Explanation: All the cities given in the question are state capitals similarly Shimla is also a capital.

Types of Analogies
In reasoning, generally we come across two  types of analogies: Alphabet analogy and Numbers analogy.
Number Analogy covers two types of questions:
I. Choose a similar pair as the given pair in the question on the basis of the relation between the numbers pair given in the question.
II. Choose a number that is similar to a group of numbers on the basis of certain similar properties that they possess.

Alphabet Analogy: In this type of analogy, two groups of letters related to each other in same way, are given. The candidate is required to identify the relationship & choose a group of letters which is related in the same way to a 3rd group given in the question. These questions become easier to solve if you memorize the alphabetic positions of the letters in the alphabet. (eg: A=1, M=13, etc.)


8. 1 : : 25 : ?
A. 26           B. 125          C. 240            D. 625
 Answer: D . 625
 Justification: The relationship is x : x2.

9. 121 : 12 : : 25 : ?
A. 1             B. 2                 C. 6               D. 7
 Answer: C . 6
 Justification: The relationship is x2 : (x + 1).
10. 20 : 11 : : 102 : ?
A. 49                 B. 52              C. 61            D. 98
 Answer: B . 52
 Justification: The relationship is 2x : (x + 1).
11.Given set : (9, 15, 21)
A. (10, 14, 16)                   B. (7, 21, 28)                   C. (5, 10, 25)                 D. (4, 8, 12)
 Answer: D . (4, 8, 12)
 Justification: In each set, 1st number + 3rd number / 2 = 2nd number.
12. Given set : 363, 489, 579
A. 562                B. 471                C. 382               D. 281
 Answer: B . 471
 Justification: Number -> Sum of digits -> new sum of digits
363 -> 3 + 6 + 3 = 12 -> 1 + 2 = 3
489 -> 4 + 8 + 9 = 21 -> 2 + 1 = 3
579 -> 5 + 7 + 9 = 21 -> 2 + 1 = 3
471 -> 4 + 7 + 1 = 12 -> 1 + 2 = 3
13. AG : IO : : EK : ?
A. LR               B. MS             C. PV               D. SY
 Answer: B . MS
 Justification: Each letter of the first group is moved eight steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.
14. KMF : LLH : : RMS : ?
A. SLR            B. SLU              C. SSU         D. SUS
 Answer: B . SLU
 Justification: The first letter of the first group is moved one step forward, the second letter is moved one step backward and the third lettter two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the second group.
15. RATIONAL is to RATNIOLA as TRIBAL is to ...
A. TIRLAB                B. TRIALB               C. TIRLBA               D. TRILBA
 Answer: D . TRILBA
 Justification: The first three letters do not shift their positions? The next three letters show a cyclic movement.

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