ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION: VIJAYAWADA
DRAFT SYLLABUS COPY FOR GROUP-I MAINS EXAMINATION
ENGLISH
Marks — 150 Medium: English Time- 150 Minutes
Serial No. TYPE OF QUESTION Marks to be allotted
01 ESSAY (A minimum of 200 words and a maximum of 20
250 words):
Choose any one topic from a list of five.
(Descriptive/ analytical/ philosophical/
based on Current Affairs)
02 LETTER WRITING (in about 100 words): 10
A formal letter expressing one's opinion
about an issue. The issues can deal with
daily office matters/ a problem that has
occurred in the office/ an opinion in
response to one sought by a ranked officer
etc.
03 PRESS RELEASE/ APPEAL (in about 100 words): 10
The PR or appeal should be on an issue
pertaining to a recent
concern/problem/disaster/rumours etc.
04 REPORT WRITING (in about 150 words): 15
A report on an official function/event/field trip/survey etc.
05 WRITING ON VISUAL INFORMATION (in about 15
150 words):
A report on a graph/image/ flow chart/table of
comparison/ simple statistical data etc.
06 FORMAL SPEECH (in about 150 words): 15
A speech (in a formal style) that is to be read
out in a formal function. This could be an
inauguration speech, an educational
seminar/conference, a formal ceremony of
importance etc.
07 PRECIS WRITING: 15
A precis in about 100 words for a 300-word passage.
08 READING COMPREHENSION: 15
A reading passage of about 250 words to be given
followed by short-answer type questions.
09 ENGLISH GRAMMAR: 20
Multiple choice questions set from the following list:
a. Tenses
b. Voice
c. Narration (Direct-Indirect)
d. Transformation of sentences
e. Use of Articles and Determiners
f. Use of Prepositions
g. Use of Phrasal verbs
h. Use of idiomatic expressions
i. Administrative Glossary
j. Synonyms/Antonyms
k. One-word substitution
1. Cohesive devices/Connectives/Linkers
m. Affixes
n. Words that cause
confusion like
homonyms/homoph
ones.
10. TRANSLATION: 15
Translat ion of a short passage (of about 150
words) f rom Regional Language to Engl ish.
Total 150
TELUGU
Marks — 150 Medium: Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
Serial No. TYPE OF QUESTION Marks to be allotted
1. ESSAY (A minimum of 200 words and a maximum of 250 words): 20
Choose any one topic from a list of five. (Descriptive/ analytical/
philosophical/ based on Current Affairs)
2. To ELABORATE the thought of poetic or verse (any two of the three) 10
(about 100 words)
3. PRECIS WRITING: 1/3rd summary of the given passage in 10
your words
4. COMPREHENSION: A reading passage of about 250 words to be 10
given followed by short-answer type questions.
5. FORMAL SPEECH (Welcome, Farewell, Inauguration etc.) / Speech 10
for the press conference (energy, farm credit, pollution, health related
policy or problem) (in about 150 words)
6. To PREPARE THE STATEMENTS for publicity media 10
(in about 100 words)
7. LETTER WRITING (in about 100 words):(Congratulation/Best 10
wishes/Request/Complaint etc.)
8. DEBATE WRITING (in about 150 words) (Newspaper issues / 10
current issues / editorial presenting individual opinion)
9. APPLICATION WRITING (in about 150 words) 10
10 REPORT WRITING (in about 150 words) 10
11. DIALOGUE WRITING OR DIALOGUE SKILLS: 10
Dialogues between two people (in about 150 words)
(Group discussion, work of the meeting, water, agriculture,
health, sanitation, education related problems etc.)
12. TRANSLATION: Translat ion f rom Engl ish to 10
Telugu Language
13. Grammar of Telugu 20
Total 150
PAPER-I - GENERAL ESSSAY
Marks - 150 Medium: English/Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
The candidates are required to attempt three essays, one from each of the
three sections, in about 800 words each.
Objective:
This paper is designed to test candidate's (i) knowledge / awareness of a
variety of Subjects and (ii) their ability to compose a sustained piece of
writing in the form of an essay.
Contents:
i. current affairs
ii. socio- political issues
iii. socio economic issues
iv. socio- environmental issues
v. cultural and historical aspects
vi. issues related to civic awareness
vii. reflective topics
Areas of Testing:
This paper would test the following:
1. Ability to compose a well-argued piece of writing
2. Ability to express coherently and sequentially
3. Awareness of the subject
chosen Evaluation / Marking:
Credit will be given for the following:
1. Observing established rules and format for essay writing
2. Grammatical correctness of expression
3. Originality of thought and expression.
PAPER – II: HISTORY, CULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA AND ANDHRA
PRADESH
Marks — 150 Medium: English / Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
A .History and Culture of India:
1. Pre-Historic Cultures in India- Indus Valley Civilization- Vedic Culture-
Mahajanapadas- Emergence of New Religions-Jainism, Buddhism- Rise of the
Magadha and Age of the Mauryas- Ashoka Dharma- Foreign Invasions on India-
The Kushans- The Satavahanas, the Sangam Age in South India- the Sungasthe
Guptas- the Kanauj and their Contributions- Historical Accounts of Foreign
travelers- Early Educational Institutions.
2. The Pallavas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas
and the Cholas- Socio Cultural Contributions, Language, Literature Art and
Architecture- Delhi Sultanates- Advent of Islam and its Impact- Religious
Movements like Bhakti and Sufi and Its Influence-Growth of Vernacular
Languages, Scripts, Literature, Fine Arts- Socio Cultural Conditions of the
Kakatiyas, the Vijayanagaras, the Bahmanis, the Qutubsahis and cotemporary
South Indian kingdoms.
3. The Mughals Administration, Socio-Religious life and Cultural developments-
Shivaji and Rise of Maratha Empire- Advent of Europeans in India- Trade
practices- Rise of East India Company its Hegemony- Changes in
Administration, Social and Cultural spheres- Role of Christian Missionaries.
4. Rise of British rule in India from 1757 to 1856- Land Revenue Settlement,
Permanent Settlement, Ryothvari and Mahalvari-1857 Revolt and its Impact-
Education, Press, Cultural changes- Rise of National Consciousness and
changes- Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th century- Rajaram Mohan
Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Swamy Vivekananda, Annie Besant, Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan and others. Rise of Indian Nationalism- Activities of Indian National
Congress- Vandemataram, Home Rule Movements- Self Respect Movement-
Jyothiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar Ramaswamy Naicker- Role of Mahatma
Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Vallabai Patel- Satyagraha- Quit India
Movement- Dr B.R. Ambedkar and his Contributions.
5. Indian Nationalism in three phases- Freedom Struggle 1885-1905, 1905-1920
and Gandhi Phase 1920-1947- Peasant, Women, Tribal and Workers
Movements- Role of Different parties in Freedom Struggle- Local and Regional
Movements- Inter Religious Unity and Communalism- Independence and
Partition of India- India after Independence- Rehabilitation after partition-
Linguistic Re-organization of States- Integration of the Indian States- Indian
Constitution- Economic policies- Foreign Policy Initiatives.
B . History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh:
6 . Ancient: The Satavahanas, the Ikshvakus, the Salankayanas, the Pallavas
and the Vishnukundins- -Social and Economic Conditions- Religion, Language,
Literature, Art and Architecture- Jainism and Buddhism in Andhra-The Eastern
Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Renati Cholas and others- Socio-Cultural life,
Religion- Telugu Script and Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.
7. Medieval: Socio- Cultural and Religious Conditions in Andhradesa 1000 to 1565
A.D.- Growth of Telugu Language and Literature (Kavitraya- Asthadiggajas)-
Fine Arts, Art& Architecture during the reign of Kakatiyas, Reddis, Gajapatis and
Vijayanagaras and their feudatories- Monuments-Significance, Contribution of
Qutubshahis to Andhra History and Culture-Regional Literature- Praja Kavi -
Vemana and others.
8. Modern: European Trade Establishments in Andhra- Andhra Under the
Company Rule- Role of Christian Missionaries- Socio-Cultural, Literary
Awakening- C.P. Brown, Thamos Munro, Mackenzie-Zamindary, Polegary
System- Native States and Little Kings- Role of Social Reformers- Gurajada
Apparao, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, Gidugu
Ramamurthy, Annie Besant and others- Library Movement in Andhra Pradesh-
Role of News Paper- Folk and Tribal Culture, Oral Traditions, Subaltern Culture.
9. Nationalist Movement: Role of Andhra leaders- Justice Party, Non-Brahmin
Movement- Nationalist and Revolutionary Literature- Gurram Jashva, Boyi
Bheemanna, Sri sri, Garimella Satyanarayana, Rayaprolu Subbarao, Unnava
Lakshminarayana, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Choudhary and others- Andhra
Mahasabhas, Andhra Movement- prominent leaders- Alluri Sitaramraju,
Duggirala Gopalakrishnaiah, Potti Sreeramulu,Konda Venkatappayya,Pattabhi
Seetaramaiah, Ponaka Kanakamma, Dokka Sitamma- Grandhalaya Movement-
Ayyanka Venkataratnam, Gadicherla Harisarvothamarao, Kasinathuni
Nageswara Rao- Formation of Andhra State,1953- Emergence of Andhra
Pradesh,1956- Andhra Pradesh 1956 to2014- Causes for Bifurcation, 2nd June
2014 Impact.
10. Andhra Pradesh: Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its impact on
Administrative, Economic, Social, Political, Cultural and Legal Implications-
Building of New Capital and its financial Implications- Division of Employees
and their Native Issues- Effect of Bifurcation on Trade& Commerce, Industry –
Implication of Financial Resources of State Government- Developmental
Opportunities- Socio-Economic, Cultural and Demographic impact of
Bifurcation- Impact on River water sharing and other link issues- A.P.
Reorganization Act.2014- the Arbitrariness of certain provisions.
C. Geography: India and Andhra Pradesh
11. Physical Features and Resources: India and Andhra Pradesh, Major land
forms, Climatic changes, Soil types, Rivers, Water, Streams, Geology, Rocks,
Mineral Resources, Metals, Clays, Construction Materials, Reservoirs, Dams –
Forests, Mountains, Hills, Flora and fauna, Plateau Forests, Hill Forests,
Vegetation Classification.
12. Economic Geography : Agriculture, Live stocks, Forestry, Fishery, Quarrying,
Mining, House hold Manufacturing, Industries – Agro, Mineral, Forest, Fuel
and man power, Trade and Commerce, Communication, Road Transport,
Storage and others.
13. Social Geography: Population Movements and Distribution, Human
Habitations, Density, Age, Sex, Rural, Urban, Race, Caste, Tribe, Religion,
Linguistic, Urban Migration, Education Characteristics.
14. Fauna and Floral Geography: Wild Animals, Animals, Birds, Reptiles,
Mammals, Trees and Plants and others.
15. Environmental Geography: Sustainable Development, Globalization,
Temperature, Humidity, Cloudiness, Winds, Special Weather Phenomena,
Natural Hazards – Earth Quakes, Land Slides, Floods, Cyclones, Cloud Burst,
Disaster Management, Impact Assessment, Environmental Pollution, Pollution
Management.
PAPER_III - POLITY, CONSTITUTION, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND ETHICS
Marks — 150 Medium: English / Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
(A) Indian Polity and Constitution:
1. Indian Constitution and its salient features.
2. Functions and duties of the Indian Union and the State Governments.
3. Issues and challenges pertaining to the Federal structure — Role
of Governor in States.
4. Distribution of powers between the Union and States (Union list,
State list and Concurrent list) — Issues and challenges.
5. Rural and Urban Local Governance under 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendment.
6. Constitutional Authorities and their Role.
7. Parliament and State Legislatures — structure, functioning,
conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of
these.
8. Judiciary in India — Structure and functions, important
provisions relating to emergency and constitutional
amendments, judicial review, Public Interest Litigation.
(B) Public Administration and Governance:
9. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Public Administration — Evolution
in India —Administrative ideas in Kautilya's Arthashastra; Mughal
administration; Legacy of British rule.
10. Role of Civil Services in Democracy.
11. Government policies and interventions for development in various
sectors and issues and problems of implementation.
12. Development processes - the role of civil society, NGOs and other
stakeholders.
13 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial authorities.
14. Good governance and e-governance- Transparency,
accountability and responsiveness in governance — Citizen's
Charter. RTI, Public Service Act and their implications, Concept
of Social Audit and its importance.
C) . Ethics in Public Service (Human Values and Ethics in Public Service)
15. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and Consequences of
Ethics in Human actions: dimensions of Ethics: Ethics in Private and Public
relationships, Ethics-integrity and Accountability in Public Service.
16. Concept of Public Service, ”Philosophical basis of Governance professional
Ethics in the light of right understanding and Vision for Holistic Technologies,
Codes of Ethics, codes of Conduct, RTI, Public Service Act, Leadership Ethics,
Work culture, Ethical principles with in an Organisational content.
17. Attitude: Content, Functions, its influence and relation with thought and
behaviour, Moral and Political attitudes, role of Social influence and persuasion.
18. Human values: Understanding the Harmony in existence-understating human
existence as Co-existence. Happiness and Harmony in the family, Human
relationships in the society and in the Nature. Gender Equability in the
relationships.
19. Role of family, society and Educational Institutions in imparting values to citizens,
lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrations.
20. Emotional intelligence-Concepts and their utilities and application in
Administration and Governance.
21. Issues and challenges in Ethics-
Ethical and moral values in governance, Ethical issues in international relations,
corruption, Lokpal, Lokayukta.
22. Contributions of moral thinkers and Philosophers in India.
23. Case studies in the above areas (15 to 22)
D) Basic Knowledge of Law in India
24. Constitution : Basic structure of constitution – Fundamental Rights – Directive
Principles of State Policy. Bifurcation of powers between Centre and State and
concurrent Powers. Powers of Judiciary, Executive and Legislature.
25. Criminal Law : Concept of Criminal punishment – Introduction to CrPC and IPC :
Basic concepts New developments in Laws against sexual harassment – Laws
relating to atrocities against Women and Children.
26. Company Law – Meaning and components of Intellectual Property Rights – Laws
relating to International Business relocation and Foreign Direct Investment –
Laws governing listed companies.
27. Labour Laws : Basic concepts of Law relating to ESI, EPF, Minimum
Wages, Equal Remuneration, Labour Welfare Fund, Materiality Benefit,
Prevention of sexual harassment at work place, Recent trends in
women security laws.
28. Civil Law : Basics of CPC – Difference between Order and Decree – Hierarchy of
writs in India
29. Cyber Laws and Internet of Things : Cyber Law in view of recent technological
advancements – Trends in administration of Cyber Law – Cyber Security and
Cyber Crime – Jurisdiction in Cyber Crime
30. Economic Laws : Concepts of economics in Indian administration and legal
perspective. International business and economic policy – Role of RBI in
investments in India: governing of regulations of cash flow into and out of Indian
economy.
31. Tax Laws : Laws relating to Income, Profits, Wealth Tax, Corporate Tax – GST.
Paper – IV – ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA AND ANDHRA PRADESH
Marks — 150 Medium: English / Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
1. Challenges of Indian Economy – Pre and Post Independent India
2. Agricultural development and Main Issues: Its development so far – Contribution
of agriculture to India’s GDP – Issues of Financing, Production, Marketing and
Distribution of Agriculture.
Agricultural pattern in Andhra Pradesh – Regional Disparities in agriculture –
Issues of Financing, Production, Marketing and Distribution. Contribution of
agriculture to SGDP.
3. Resource Mobilization -Types of resources: Physical capital and finance capital -
Need for resource mobilization- Sources of resource mobilization: Public Sector and
Private Sector - Savings and investment - Budgetary resources: Tax and non tax -
Role of Public Debt in resource mobilization and effects: Market borrowing, loans,
grants etc. Role of fiscal and monetary policies in resource mobilization - Role of
foreign investment in resource mobilization, desirability and consequences -
Multilateral agencies and resource mobilization - Physical resources
Resource Mobilization in Andhra Pradesh : Physical Capital and Financial Capital
– Budgetary Resources : Tax and Non-tax Revenues – Public Debt : Resources and
Consequences – Market borrowings, loans and grants from Centre.
4. Inclusive growth: Meaning and concept of Inclusion - India’s experience - Ground
reality and working of flagship schemes - India’s growth story in this context - Why
India’s growth is not inclusive - Rural economy based growth. - Sustainable
agriculture, food security and resilience for growth - Public distribution schemes -
Financial inclusion as an instrument of inclusive growth - Poverty Alleviation and
Employment Generation as a strategy for inclusive growth - Social sector
development as an instrument for inclusive growth - Public private partnership for
inclusive growth - Industrial Integration for inclusive growth - Sectoral and regional
diversification as a tool for inclusive growth.
Inclusive growth in Andhra Pradesh : Rural Economy based growth – Financial
Inclusion – Food Security : Public Distribution Scheme - Poverty Alleviation and
Employment generation Schemes - Integrated Regional Development for inclusive
growth.
5. Government Budgeting : Budget terminology - Types of budget - Features of
outcome budgeting - Merger of Railway and General Budget - Benefits of budgeting -
Flaws in budgeting process - Budget analysis
Andhra Pradesh Budgeting : Features and outcomes – Flaws in budgeting process
– Analysis of Andhra Pradesh Budgets since 2014.
6. Industrial policy and industrial development:- New Economic Policy and
Industrial policy under the policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization -
Reforms since the New Economic Policies, New Industrial policy 1991 - Main
features of Industrial development in India - Sectoral composition - Roles of private
sector and public sector in employment, productivity, profit etc. - Strategies for
disinvestment and privatization - Role of Small, Medium and Micro enterprises,
Government Policy, main problems, effects of globalization - New manufacturing
policy Industrial disbursal and Industrial corridors - SEZs- Main issues like land use,
relocation of same industries that exist, exports earnings vs loss of tax income -
Industrial sickness, institutional mechanism to support the sick industries, exit policy
issues - Main constraints in the industrial development of India - Effects of
globalization on industries, Sub-prime crisis and sovereign debt crisis on Industry in
India.
Industrial Finance in India: Role of development banking, commercial banking -
venture capital, angel capital in industrialization and promotion of entrepreneurship.
Industrial Policy and Development in Andhra Pradesh : Industrial Corridors –
Main issues like land use, location of industries, regional distribution
7. Infrastructure in India : Transport Infrastructure : Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways
– Energy Infrastructure - Water management infrastructure - Communication
Infrastructure - Solid waste management - Earth monitoring and measuring networks
- Urban infrastructure - Green infrastructure. Importance of Social and Economic
overhead Capital in Economic Development. Importance of Infrastructure- Economic
growth and development, Advantages of connectivity, Enhancing production and
distribution, Attracting FDI and domestic investment, improving living Standards etc.
–
Infrastructure development programmes in India – the Golden Quadrilateral,
National Highway Development Programme, Industrial Corridors, Manufacturing
hubs, Sethusamudram project, J&K railway project, weather forecast and disaster
management, television and broadcasting, telecommunications. Important issues:
Ownership and financing, Pricing of Public utilities, Infrastructure as avenues for
investment, Public Private Partnership and related issues, Operation and
Maintenance of roads, railways, irrigation and power projects-Main problems and
solutions. Impact on social development, Environmental impacts.
Investment in India : Capital and investment - Factors affecting investment – FDI -
Angel Investors and Start-ups - M&A - Role of State - PPP (Public-Private
Partnership) - Savings and Investment Trends
Infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh : Transport Infrastructure : Ports, Roads,
Airports, Railways – Energy Infrastructure - Water management infrastructure -
Communication Infrastructure - Solid waste management. Social and Economic
overhead Capital in Economic Development. Operation and Maintenance of roads,
irrigation and power projects. Factors affecting investment. FDI - Angel Investors
and Start-ups - M&A - Role of State - PPP (Public-Private Partnership) - Savings and
Investment Trends
Paper -V SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Marks — 150 Medium: English / Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
1. Integration of Science, Technology and Innovation for better human life;
Science & Technology in everyday life; National Policies on proliferation of
Science, Technology and Innovation; India's contribution in the field of
Science and Technology. Concerns and challenges in the proliferation and
use of science and technology; Role and Scope of Science and Technology
in nation building. Major Scientific institutes for Science and \technology in AP
and India. Major Scientific Institutes for Research and Development in AP and
India. Achievements of Indian Scientist in the field of Science and Technology-
Indigenous technologies and developing new technologies.
2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - its importance,
advantages and challenges; E-governance and India; Cyber Crime and
policies to address security concerns. Government of India Policy on
Information Technology (IT). IT Development in AP and India.
3. Indian Space Programme - Past, Present and Future; Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) — it's activities and achievements; Satellite Programmes
of India and Use of Satellites in different fields like Health, Education,
Communication Technology, Weather forecasting affecting human lives;
Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).
4. Indian's energy needs, efficiency and resources; Clean energy resources;
Energy policy of India - Government Policies and Programmes. Conventional
and Non- Conventional energy resources. Energy demands, Indian Energy
Sciences, Conventional energy powers, Tharmal, renewable energy
resources, Solar, wind, Bio and wasted based, energy policies Geotharmal
and Tidel Sources, energy Policies in India, energy security.
Salient features of Nuclear Policy of India; Development of Nuclear
programmes in India, Nuclear Policies at the International level and India's
stand on them.
Indian's energy needs, efficiency and resources; Clean energy resources;
Energy policy of India - Government Policies and Programmes. Conventional
and Non- Conventional energy resources. Energy demands, Indian Energy
Sciences, Conventional energy powers, Thermal, renewable energy resources,
Solar, wind, Bio and wasted based, energy policies Geotharmal and Tidel
Sources, energy Policies in India, energy security.
Salient features of Nuclear Policy of India; Development of Nuclear
programmes in India, Nuclear Policies at the International level and India's
stand on them.
5. Development Vs. Nature / Environment; Depletion of Natural Resources-
Metals, Minerals – Conservation Policy. Environmental Pollution Natural
and Anthropogenic and Environmental degradation. Sustainable
Development — possibilities and challenges; Climate Change and Its effect
on the world; Climate justice — a global phenomenon; Environment Impact
Assessment, Natural Disasters – Cyclones, Earth Quakes, Landslides &
Tsunamis – Prediction Management. Correlation between Health &
Environment, Social Forestry, Afforestation and deforestation, Mining in AP
and India. Types of Natural resources- renewable and Nonrenewable.
Forest resources. Fishery resources. Fossil Fuels- Coal, Petroleum and
Natural Gas. Mineral resources. Water resources – Types, Water shed
management. Land resources – types of soils and soil reclamation.
6. Environmental pollution and Solid waste management: Sources, impacts and
control of - air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. Noise pollution. Solid
waste management - Types of solid waste, impacts of solid waste, recycling
and reuse. Remedial measurers for Soil erosion and Costal erosion.
Global Environmental issues and role of information Technology in
Environment and Human Health, Ozone layer depletion, Acid rain. Global
Warming and its impacts.
Environmental legislation: International Law, Montreal protocol, Kyoto
protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, CITES.
The Environment (Protection) act 1986, Forest conservation Act, Wildlife
protection act. Biodiversity Bill of India - cop 21 - Sustainable Development
Goals - National Disaster Management Pollicy, 2016 of India and Disaster
management initiatives in India.
White Revolution, Green Revolution, and Green Pharmacy
7. Nature, Scope and Applications of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology in India;
Ethical, Social and Legal concerns, Government policies; Genetic engineering,
issues related to it and its impact on human life.
8. Human diseases-microbial infections. Common infections and preventive
measures. Introduction to bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections.
Basic knowledge of infections-diarrhoea, dysentry, cholera, tuberculosis,
malaria, viral infections like HIV, Encephalitis, Chikungunya, bird flupreventive
measures during out breaks. Introduction to Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology. Basic concepts of genetic engineering. Tissue culture
methods and applications. Biotechnology in agriculture- Bio-pesticides, Biofertilizers,
Bio-fuels, Genetically modified crops. Animal husbandry- transgenic
animals. Vaccines: Introduction to immunity, Fundamental concepts in
vaccination, Production of Modern Vaccines (production of Hepatitis vaccine).
9. Issues related to Intellectual Property Rights in the field of Science and
Technology. Promotion of Science in AP and India.
No comments:
Post a Comment