The pH scale
The pH scale is used to rank solutions in terms of acidity or basicity (alkalinity). Since the scale is based on pH values, it is logarithmic, meaning that a change of 1 pH unit corresponds to a ten-fold change in Hstart superscript, plus, end superscript ion concentration.
The pH scale is often said to range from 0 to 14, and most solutions do fall within this range, although it’s possible to get a pH below 0 or above 14. Anything below 7.0 is acidic, and anything above 7.0 is alkaline, or basic.
| Compartment | pH |
|---|---|
| Gastric acid | 1.5-3.5 |
| Lysosomes | 4.5 |
| Human skin | 4.7 |
| Granules of chromaffin cells | 5.5 |
| Urine | 6.0 |
| Cytosol | 7.2 |
| Blood (natural pH) | 7.34–7.45 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 7.5 |
| Mitochondrial matrix | 7.5 |
| Pancreas secretions | 8.1 |
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